DYADIC RELATIONSHIPS and (B) CHARISMATIC AND TRANSFORMATION LEADERSHIP Case Study - 1

dyadic RELATIONSHIPS and (B) CHARISMATIC AND TRANSFORMATION LEADERSHIP - Case Study Examplee to share their part of indication over a particular issue this gives subordinates confidence and sense of ownership that they are a worth(predicate) part of the organisation. And, at the same time, this brings total and practical rather than superficial participation in last making, besides, this exchange relationship motivates them to avail more subordinate autonomy. In these times, many would not disagree that organisations ensue when they completelyow their organisational leadership to extend autonomy and ensure the concept of decentralisation aggregately.2. Comment on dyadic relationships typically progress through a series of ups and downs with shifts in attitudes as the two parties attempt to adjudicate their desire for autonomy with their desire for closer involvementThe LMX theory is under-developed. It has yet to fully define the all areas and way exchange relationships evolve over time (Yukl, 2010, p.239). This theory suggests that exchange relationships construct and evolve in a very smooth but continuous fashion, taking their base from the initial impressions. However, some longitudinal studies contend that the LMX relationships develop faster and remain stable. But, other researches do not agree with this claim, they contend that dyadic relationships undergo a series of ups and downs, where roles of behaviours cannot be undermined.The closer elaboration surfaces some facts. Without any doubt, perceptions play a vital role in developing or dissolving any exchange relationships. Many nurture studies within this area would greatly be helpful in analysing and understanding the each partys perceptions of the relationships.Charismatic leaders are by nature transformational (Lussier, 2010, p.349). However, not all transformational leaders become favored in achieving their transforming results via the charismatic of their personalities. Charismatic leaders prefer to promote their personal image and identification in contrast to transformational

Why Franchising is Going Global Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 33

wherefore Franchising is Going Global - Assignment ExampleSocial structures the structures deep down the international market differ from those within the US. Consideration of these factors result enable the franchises to effectively undertake operations within the global market. The task operations of the franchises must become integrated with the social structures within those countries. Cultural values and attitudes in seeking to repay the new customers which the franchise impart get in the international market, understanding the customers becomes indwelling. A consideration of these elements becomes essential in managing the cultural diversity which is created through the expansion of the franchise into the international market. The attitudes and values get out be essential in the development of strategies aimed at marketing the franchise to the international market. In seeking to upraise the appropriateness of franchise products within the international market the fra nchises must undertake different approaches. These approaches will be aimed at ensuring the products match with the demands of the new international market. The franchises would be required to undertake the following activities. Evaluate the untaughts economic system in seeking to ensure the utilization of business operations which be appropriate to the economic system. The franchises must undertake research within the country in which the franchise will operate in order to understand the operational elements which must be present for successful business operations. This would enable the franchises to learn about the dissimilar laws and regulations existing within the country, and the source of business supplies(Pipes, 2014). Understanding these factors will present the franchises with the capacity to undertake business operations successfully and ensure the appropriateness of their products. This study will enable the franchises to implement effective business strategies which a re based on the situation analysis of the various elements which govern business operations within the other countries.

Social Media Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Social Media - Research Paper ExampleIt is provided less than a cristal since hearty media has emerged as an effective marketing tool. Before the social media boom, marketers thought social media marketing was just another fad that would soon likely pass, something in the vein of pyramid and networking scams.It was from the immense popularity of Facebook that the companies started realizing the potential of social media for effective marketing. It especially helped the startup companies that did not have huge cash piles to shell forbidden for marketing their products. Social media marketing for products and services is usually built around the users sharing the information with fellow traveller users in their social circle. Users generally mean anyone with an access to internet services. The increasing popularity of social networking websites like Facebook, Twitter, Google + etc has interpreted the whole process of social media marketing to another level. The users reposting or tweeting the product ads and brochures cast off the organizations wide exposure at a cheaper price compared to TV ads. The wide use of mobile phones with an internet connection has too helped the companies to be in constant touch with their customers, prospective or existing, and to interact with them on a real-time basis. This has enabled them to provide constant updates and to gain instant feedback.The popularity of video search engines like YouTube has also helped organizations to share videos of their products with customers.

Things That Garbage Can Reveal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Things That Garbage Can Reveal - Essay ExampleThe garbage from the trash bin designates florilegium and the corresponding quantity of materials in regard to distinct socio scotch discrepancy amidst the underlying activities and prevailing ingest habits of every property(Pellow, 34-156).Cheap and widely available foods such as grains, fruits, nuts, local fish, chicken eggs and corresponding lentils depict relatively lower socioeconomic class since they are of minimal cost. Conversely, expensive meat and corresponding dust of salted fish depict the high socioeconomic class of household. Moreover, the waste from the neighboring drains that turned up less of a diversity of foods depicted immersed socioeconomic discrepancy amidst neighbors. Garbage also reveals the economic positioning of the household in regard to the quantity packages they buy that is relatively lower income families purchase products in little packages whilst corresponding upper-income families purchase massive economy-size substances. A larger packet of pizza, sausages, burger, crisps, ice cream and soft drinks reveals that the underlying family had relatively higher income(Pellow, 34-156). Larger quantities also reveal that the families were large whilst few packets depict relatively littler family. In sum, the kind of garbage normally depicts the socioeconomic class of the underlying household, the number of persons within the household, economic welfare and culture. Moreover, archaeologists largely depend on garbage in determining of the culture of a family and whence neighborhood.

An Evaluation Of Four Arguments Against State-Maintained Faith Schools Essay

An Evaluation Of Four Arguments Against State-Maintained Faith Schools - study ExampleAn Evaluation Of Four Arguments Against State-Maintained Faith SchoolsThere are about 20,000 schools in England, primary and junior-grade combined, as of 2010. 35 % or around 7000 are faith schools. 68 % of those 7000 belong to the Church of England. roman letters Catholic schools make up 30 %. Of the remaining 2 %, only 58 are non-Christians, namely, Jewish (38) Muslims (11) Sikh (4) Greek Orthodox, Hindu, Quaker, Seventh Day Adventist, United Reform Church with one (1) each (DCSF 2010).We screwing therefore say 65 % or about 13,000 schools are NOT state-funded faith schools. Education constitution has long been reviewed by the three major semipolitical parties of UK. Conservatives or the right-wing party means in stipulation quo, less government interventions, and less taxes. Its members have been in favor of greater individual freedom, competition, more achievements from the individual. T hey believe in the inevitability of unequal distribution of wealth for reasons of differences in performance and corresponding values. Another political party, the Labour Party, wants equality, stronger government influence along with higher taxes, but more budget for Social upbeat to improve the peoples quality of life. It is this faction who brought about The Childrens Plan 2007 which was created for the education and well-being of children and young people.The tertiary political party, known as Liberal Democrats of UK, believes in Social Justice, Welfare State, and less government intervention.

Dyslexia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Dyslexia - Essay usageThe entire of this entail utilizing of symbols to convey information. These circumstances apprize appear in combination or alone. Dyslexia commonly runs in families.A student suffering from dyslexia can have the problem of separating sounds and rhyming that make up spoken words. The abilities seem to be significant in the progression of learning on how to read. The students first reading skills ar founded on word recognition which entails being capable to disconnect turn up the sounds in words and equal them with letters and groups of letters (Ahissar M, November 2007).Because students with dyslexia have the problem of connecting sounds of language to letters of words, they can have problem comprehending sentences. True dyslexia is wider than simply transposing or confusing letters for example mistaking d and b.Other factors causing learning disability and especially the reading disability should be state out before a diagnosis of dyslexia is performed. Em otional disorders, brain diseases and mental retardation, and particular education and cultural issues, can cause learning difficulties (Jones KM et.al, October 2004).Moore DR (2007), the duty of getting students attention and ensure they are sedulous for a period of time needs majority of managing and teaching skills (Ahissar M, November 2007). Students with problem in following directions are usually assisted by asking them to repeat those directions in their own words.Give students with graphic personal digital assistant outline, blank web or chart may be given to students to fill during presentations. This assists students listen for major information and internalize the link among related and conceptual information.Use of braced presentations and activities Effort ought to be performed to balance oral presentations with participatory activities and visual information. Likewise, there ought to be the balance between huge group, small

Gangs Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gangs - Research Paper simulationFrederick Thrasher defines a clique as A gang is an interstitial group, originally formed spontaneously, and consequently integrated through conflict. It is characterized by the following types of behavior meeting face to face, milling, movement through infinite as a unit, conflict, and planning. The result of this collective behavior is the development of tradition, unreflective internal structure, esprit de corps, solidarity, morale, group aw arness, and auxiliary to a local territory (Thrasher 1927). The very definition given by Thrasher gives an elaboration of incompatible aspects of the gangs. The very objectives of the gangs vary from single group to an divers(prenominal). Some have political means while rise up-nigh have mere zest of wealth. And these means can only be found in issue people so some of them atomic number 18 self-aggrandizing while most of them are not adult or grown up people. And these people have innovative ideas in order to become millionaire but in days. Miller and Vigil says The association of schoolgirlish people with illegal and savage activities or crimes is the one which separates them from other violent groups. (Miller 1982, Vigil 1988) From the above statement of Miller and Vigil it is not sure that other people are not going to involve in such activities if they are not young but there is also the possibility of young people to involve in such violent activities. But on the other hand it is true that the young people are known well in doing such illegal acts in the society because there are inherent in their reputation and they are inherently associated with these violent actions. Young people are mostly involved in sad and violent activities and it is inherent in their nature. Most of the illegal or violent activities are associated with young exclusive gang members but society links them with social rank of a gang instead of individual sorry behavior. (Cohen 1990) The ex tent or degree of crime is not a matter of concern but the major issue revolves around the actions performed by different gangs. Some gangs are involved in drug dealings and this obnoxious business they even dont hesitate to kill other people. Some are involved in human smuggling and other high craze actions but there are some gangs which are involved only in low level violence. The low level violence covers street gambling, drinking, looting and plundering. All of these violent activities are considered as part of youth gang. These different gangs destine that the violent activities and behavior of young people vary from one gang to another gang. There are many different sorts of conflicts which may arise among rival gangs for example there may be the conflicts of firmament or territory in which they are going to perform their violent activities. During these conflicts the rival groups use different techniques to feat each other like use of knives, fists, sticks and other dang erous weapons like grenades. Gang membership is one of the core or peripheral issues (Klein, 1995). There are some members in a gang which play a vital role in collective activities of a particular group. The involvement in different activities does not effect the membership of an individual because most of the members in a gang

What is mind Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

What is mind - Essay ExampleMind and physical structure belonged to the ancient dualisms in ancient philosophy, similar to momentary and everlasting, particulars and universals, and materialism and idealism.The mind-body problem is largely attributed to Rene Descartes, who examined how the soul or immaterial mind could affect the material body. In contrast, monists view the mind-body dualism as absolute physicalism. This was the more concrete, real-world base of Aristotle. Thus, two of the major philosophical perspectives kn make today atomic number 18 dualism and physicalism (Stewart et al., 2010). Dualism argues that the mind and the body argon two absolutely distinct components, separate from each other. In contrast, physicalism argues that the mind and the body are fundamentally one and the same. This paper argues that dualism is the stronger philosophical standpoint. Dualism, within the philosophy of mind, is the belief that the physical and the mentalor body and mind or brai n and mindare, to a certain extent, totally distinct types of thing.Supporters of dualism convey that the physical and mental domains have quite distinct features. Mental occurrences have personal, individual features like what does it sense of smell like, how does it appear, or how does it feel like. Such occurrences cannot be seen as mere physical (Stewart et al., 2010). In Meditation II, Descartes demonstrates his own organism as a thinking being or a mind. By the finale of Meditation VI, he demonstrates his bodys existence in his broader evidence of material aspects. The fundamental inclose of Cartesian dualism is that body and mind are not the same but somewhat different, independent components (Stanford cyclopaedia of Philosophy, 2003). A vital implication of such belief is that the mind, as an independent component, could be in existence or still exist without the body.In contrast, critics argue

Comparison Between Parse Theory & Watson Theory Essay

Comparison Between Parse scheme & Watson Theory - Essay ExampleThe human becoming surmisal hand overs a clear view of a persons will to achieve goal through the nursing practice. Rosemarie Rizzo Parse had initi in ally published the theory in 1981 as the Man- reinforcement-health theory, but later in 1992, the name was officially changed to the human becoming theory to obliterate the term man from the theory, after the alteration in the dictionary definition of the word from its previous subject matter of humankind. The human becoming theory was presented as a human science nursing theory in the practice of Heidegger, Dilthey, Merleau-Ponty, Gadamer and Sartre. Many of the European philosophers such as Heidegger, Sartre, and Merleau-Ponty, along with works by the start American nurse theorist, Martha Rogers, synthesized the assumptions supporting the theory. The theory itself is structured around three unshakable matters or themes, those be meaning, rhythmicity, and transcende nce.The first theme, which is meaning, has been mentioned in the first principle of the theory, which states Structuring meaning multidimensionally is cocreating reality through the languaging of valuing and imaging. The principle subject matter that people take interest in creating what is real for them through self-expression in living their values in a predetermined way. For instance a person who has to be an actor acts at many occasions, this happens because the actors moreover concern is with acting and in order to make people realize about his ability, the actor keeps on acting at most of the public places. This means that there is a hope in that persons life, which makes him to act.The heartbeat theme is rhythmicity, which has been expressed in the second principle of the theory, which states, Co-creating rhythmical patterns of relating is living the paradoxical unity of revealing-concealing and enabling-limiting opus connecting-separating. This principle means that the u nity of life includes noticeable opposites in regular patterns of relating. It means that in living life continuously and in small parts one shows and does not show self as opportunities and boundaries appear in moving with and apart from others. For instance, at durations we look for opportunities in life and give sacrifices to avail it, at times according to the situation we lie to others about few matters and hide our things that if know to others can make us ashamed, although every lie is unintentional but we have to lie as not doing so can cause many other problems, it is not something we are in estimation of doing always, yet we get bounded to do so. The third theme is transcendence, which is discussed in the third principle of the theory, which states Cotranscending with the possibles is powering erratic ways of originating in the process of transforming. This principle means that moving away from the present moment is interchangeable making a unique personal path for one self, which creates a lot of confusion and also keeps on changing. A good example in everyday life is that all of us keep on dreaming about various things, even when it comes to take decision of our lives, we keep on changing them time after time as we do not keep in mind one goal. The topographic point to be made is that, we all should keep on living life as it has come to us, all

Sample Quality Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

attempt Quality - Article ExampleIt lowers the cost of carrying out a research, enables faster collection of data, improves the quality of the data, and ensures homogeneity and accuracy of results. This paper pull up stakes analyze savour quality in the listed articles. In doing this, paper ordain seek to define the population in each case and quote the take in method used. It will also explain the choice of the sample and state who participated in the study. It will equally seek to toss away the research to other populations.In deducing, the sampling method used, it will be necessary to define the different sampling methods that we have. Random sampling involves the random selection of sample from the population. In cluster sampling, selection of samples is in clusters close to each other like households in the same estate. Quota sampling involves selection of samples nonrandom accord to a fixed quota. Snowball sampling involves the identifying of samples that meet the crite ria for inclusion in a study. Purposive sampling involves sampling with apurposein mind.Availability sampling involves using just the available samples (Trochim Web).In the article by Scott et.al, the population was all Canadian elderly patients with disquiet disorders and clinically significant anxiety symptoms. Quota sampling method selected a sample of 36,984 adults aged 55 years and above who participated in the Canadian Community Health Survey in 2008. The selection of the people in the sample was because they suitably correspond the target population.The actual participants in the study were 12,792 individuals, living in Canada (Scott et.al 792). The researchers cannot generalize it to other populations because the analysis center on adults aged 55 years and above which are usually the minority in whatsoever society.In the Yang et.al study, population was all adolescents 6 months after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China. Quota sampling selected a sample of 2,463 middle schools and grade 10 students. Their selection was

Understand How to Establish an Effective Team Assignment

escort How to Establish an Effective Team - Assignment ExampleUnderstand How to Establish an Effective Team In a report written by A.W.C. Training entitled Effective Working Relationships, emphasize was located on enhancing aw arness regarding the importance of maintaining happy relationships within the organisational setting for the reason that smooth and utile working relationships were noted to be instrumental in tasks and responsibilities being undertaken more efficiently and thus, enabling the scream of high quality of customer service. Within a team, the development of effective working relationship presupposes the exertion of effective communication as a framework of success. According to Harbour (2013), good communication makes it easier to address individual problems or concerns between employees and supervisors when they arise (par. 8). Communication also enables the dissemination of crucial information, including policies, procedures, and the organizations code of d iscipline, to provide guidelines to the employees, various members of a team, and other stakeholders, in manifesting the expected behavior. For example, in a fresh formed team tasked to present suggestions and recommendations to increase sales of the products, an effectively developed and maintained team who follows the abovementioned guidelines are expected to be more cohesive and to delegate tasks, share crucial information, and equitably divide the responsibilities essential in coming up with a presentation that would satisfy organizational goals. Benefits of Effective Working Relationships in Developing and Maintaining the Team The benefits of effective working relationships in developing and maintaining the team are therefore effected in terms of showing cohesiveness, increasing performance and productivity, reporting lesser conflicts or miscommunication, and satisfying the unavoidably and demands of the customers. As asserted, good workplace relationships and a positive wo rk environment is critical for a no-hit business, as unhappy staff have a negative impact on productivity and customer service (Harbour, 2013, par. 7). Behaviours which Could Develop and Maintain Trust at Work The behaviours which could develop and maintain trust at work include the following (1) maintaining sincerity (2) being reliable (3) being accountable (4) listening attentively and actively (5) not blaming others and (6) being transparent in all undertakings with honesty and integrity (Piccinini, 2013). For instance, in the organizational setting, trust could be developed and maintained when members of a team have openly established the make to be open to each other and communicate truthful information to the most effective manner. When a member of the team makes a mistake, other members must assume a stance of understanding and come to an end from blaming the errant member. All members must therefore

Mcdonalds AD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Mcdonalds AD - Essay ExampleProbably the intimately common place that most people experience McDonalds advertisements is the television. I have often seen McDonalds advertisements on television that are aired between popular programs on various(a) channels. Throughout the integral McDonalds advertisement experience, the greatest presence is on television. Moreover, McDonalds also utilises the wireless. Both the television and radio advertisements campaigns are distinctly noticeable with the Im lovin it catch phrase in each media. Similarly, McDonalds has advertisements that are geared towards local anaesthetic newspapers and journals. These advertisements generally display new deals and discounts that are available in the local McDonalds food chains. Another significant area where McDonalds advertisement is noticeable are various billboards and signage that can be seen installed on both local roads as well as highways. The billboards on highways are far larger and are more disti nctly noticeable. Other than this, McDonalds often advertises itself with sponsoring various local, regional and international events. McDonalds can be seen sponsoring Little League just the identical as it sponsors the Olympic Games. The typical McDonalds logo is highly noticeable in all these situations with the coolers of drink that they distribute on these events.

Reviving the Milking Devon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reviving the Milking Devon - Essay ExampleThe embryo is a potential organism in that it has the ability of developing into the biological structures and functions needed to generate consciousness and rational life characteristic of that organism (Flynn & Dawkins 635). The frozen embryo must first be thawed. The embryos atomic number 18 remote from their storage canisters and atomic number 18 exposed to room temperature. Cryoprotectant is removed and is replaced with water, but the process should be done guardedly to prevent it from bursting. The embryos atomic number 18 the brought to room temperature and transferred, or they may be cultured to multiply before they be transferred. Survival of embryos to the thawing process depends on their quality before freezing, effectiveness of freezing and thawing procedures. after(prenominal)(prenominal) thawing, embryos are evaluated for viability. Some may not be viable due to lack of surviving mobile phones part others may be parti al survivors with some cell injury. The damage may not prevent the embryos from resulting into love birth because it was already proved that even damaged embryos in the process of freezing and thawing are capable of causing pregnancy (Wassarman & Soriano 38). The best embryos are those that, after freezing and thawing, they survive a light speed percent with all parts of their cells intact, but very few embryos tend to fall in this category. Embryos are checked for the presence of abnormal chromosomes, or problems with genetic coding, which may cause, genetic diseases or miscarriage, and gender of the unlearned by carrying out preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (Shermer 365). This involves surgically removing one or two blastomeres from a sextette or eight cell embryo usually on the third day after thawing. check off that removing a cell at this time does not harm the embryo. The embryos are incubated for a day after thawing until they reach the cleaved stage, and whence they are transferred into the uterus of another affright. Since all dairy cattle are dead, any cow including the beef cattle may be used. This process should be done on the second day after ovulation of the surrogate cow. The cow becomes pregnant and pay offs Milking Devon calf. Consequently, Milking Devon can also be bring around through somatic cell nuclear transfer technology. The DNA is extracted from nucleus of frozen embryo. The DNA is then reassembled using the genome of any cattle available. Extract the eggs from the ovary of any cow remove its genetic real from their nuclei and replace them with the genetic material from the extinct Milking Devon. Fuse the nuclei with eggs of the surrogate cow and initiate cell division by treating them with chemicals or shocking them with electric current (Flynn & Dawkins 635). When the embryos have grown to two hundred cells in size, transfer them into the uterus of the surrogate cow. The surrogate cow will become pregnant and deliver the extinct Milking Devon. The frozen Milking Devon sperm can also be used to produce a incubate a breed with characteristics similar to those of the original Milking Devon (Perry 347). Obtain the mature sterile eggs from the surrogate cow and store them in BSS at room temperature. Remove the BSS from the unfertilized egg and mix them with the thawed sperms. so incubate the mixture of sperms and eggs in appropriate temperature for around fifteen minutes. Sort out the fertilized and unfertilized eggs unfertilized eggs are incubated with sperms again to ensure that many of them are fertilized.

Effects of flicker on reading comfort (part 2) Essay

Effects of weave on breeding comfort ( startle 2) - Essay ExampleTwo types of questionnaire, an initial questionnaire to identify the previous experience of annoyance and a symptom questionnaire were utilizationd. Results The results indicated insignificant difference betwixt discomforts cause by sustained reading and using computer. The condition of 50 Hz induced the greatest impact on reading comfort compared to DC. The most affected symptoms of discomfort were fancy discomfort followed by eyestrain, blurred vision and headache. The mean difference of 75 Hz, 100 Hz and 140 Hz compared to DC lighting fleck was not significant. Conclusion The aim shows that reading under 100 Hz LEDs light has no unlike effects on comfort than reading under LEDs light powered on DC. In addition, the study shows insignificant difference between discomfort induced by reading and by computer use in terms of incidence and nature. Further studies are required with larger and balanced sample size, diverse direction of illumination and longer period of reading time to address the possible limitations of this experiment. Methods Participants Students of the University of New sulphur Wales (UNSW) were invited by posters and emails to participate in the experiment. Participants who completed the experiment received a nominal reward. The inclusion criteria were well(p) binocular vision, lack of ocular and systemic abnormalities that possibly influence reading ability, and season had to be between 19 to 30 years old since light sensitivity often higher at this age group. The exclusion criteria were any known case of migraine or photosensitive epilepsy. A total act of 18 students were recruited (2 male and 16 female), all signed an informed consent form prior commencing the study. morals and the study protocol were reviewed and approved by the UNSW Human Research Ethics Advisory (UNSW HREA) Panel. Design and routine In a double masked randomized crossover study, discomfort sym ptoms were self-reported by using deuce types of questionnaires an initial questionnaire and symptoms questionnaire. The participants had to attend five reading sessions under LED light, but with different rate of flicker in each session. They were randomly assigned to the sessions by Latin squares, and the reading sessions had to be separated by at least one day. At the beginning of the first session, the initial questionnaire had to be completed, whereas symptom questionnaire had to be filled immediately at the beginning and at the end of every session to evaluate reading discomfort. During the reading sessions, the ambient light was turned off, and the room was completely dark, so the only light ejaculate was that installed in lighting booth. The booth was positioned on a table, and a twilight novel was placed indoors the booth directly under the light. Each subject had to read a part from the book on every session for 30 minutes with the habitual glasses. Comfortable sitting w as enhanced by providing an adjustable chair placed in front of the booth to read with habitual reading posture. Questionnaires Two types of questionnaires were used in the study the initial questionnaire and the symptom questionnaire. The initial questionnaire was designed to examine the previous experience of discomfort related to reading and computer use and to detect unknown cases of photosensitive epilepsy or migraine. The first part of the questionnaire was

Ethical principles in end of life care - The liverpool care pathway Essay

Ethical principles in end of life care - The liverpool care highroad - Essay ExampleOn the contrary, other sources including that of the wellness Minister Jeremy Hunt who describes it as a antic step forward (Donnelly, 2013) still maintain their favour believing that the piece of ground is playing its intended constituent of ensuring that people are treated in dignity, compassion and comfort during their last days of life preferably of enduring invasive and life prolonging intercessions (Rand any and Downie, 2010, p.91). As a result of these controversies, the government ordered an independent polish in 2012 chaired by Baroness Neuberger. The review finding recommends the Liverpool Care Pathway to be phased out and be replaced by a personalised end of life care plan that takes cracking care of the life of a patient who is facing imminent death (Department of Health, 2013). The LCP has clearly set the stage for ethical and legal controversies somewhat patients, family rights and the role of the medical professions (Glare and Christakis 2008, p. 429). Replacing the LCP to a personalised end of life care plan whitethorn not resolve the controversies if the same transgressions persist. In that context, this paper aims to objectively review the literature and explore the challenges that contributed to its blow in order to accurately consider the future development of the recently recommended personalised End of carriage Care Plan. Overview The Liverpool Care Pathway for the dying patient was developed as an integrated care pathway by the specialist palliative care team at the Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust and the Marie Curie palliative care institute Liverpool in 1997 (Ellershaw and Wilkinson, 2003, p. 11). The LCP is a structured clinical record developed to transfer the hospice mould of care into other care settings (Jack, Gamble, Murphy, and Ellershaw 2003, p. 371). It aims to support clinical judgements and assist mult idisciplinary team in providing optimal treatment and care for patients who are dying(Boyd and Murry 2012), as well as improve the experience of the relatives or carers during this period and into disaster (Gambles, Roberts and Anita 2011). It focuses in providing evidence-based framework on different aspects of care required including comfort measures, discontinuation of inappropriate interpolation among others (Ellershaw and Murphy 2011, p. 11). The Liverpool Care Pathway was advocated by the Department of Health (2012) as a model of good practice in End of Life care and prime(prenominal) makers and measures for promoting high quality care for all adults in the end of life (MCPCIL). Additionally, the General Medical Council (General Medical Council, 2010) supported it, over 20 organisations and charities as demonstrated in the consensus report for its support published by the NHS in 2012 and the National Institute for Health Care Excellence (NICE) Quality Standard for End of Li fe care for adults. Regardless of its high approvals and recommendations, the LCP has been infernal for delivering poor quality care to patient in their final days (Payne, Seymour, Ingleton 2008, p.392). The independent review findings set a number of important issues that affected the ability to implement the LCP effectively in the provision of quality healthcare to persons who are almost dying or facing imminent death. Amongst which were lack of knowledge and

Hewlett Foundation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hewlett Foundation - Case Study ExampleThe summation allocation policies ar formulate by the first appearance, internally managed but uses external manager to send the portfolio. The external managers can either invest 100% of the asset in indexed instruments or invest partially depending on the allocation method acting. There are four methods that the foundation uses in evaluating the performance of its portfolio. To begin with, it uses a benchmark with which it compares the performance of each asset. If the portfolio outperforms its benchmark, thus it is a worth portfolio to invest in. on the other hand, if its performance is less than that of the benchmark, then its not a worth portfolio. The second is comparing the performance of HF composite benchmark with that of U.S stocks and bonds. The other method is by comparing performance of its portfolio relative to that of other tax-exempt institutions. Finally, accessing whether the return on assets exceeds the rate of inflation . It is unequivocal that the process does not use the mean-variance optimization method in the process. It is the most accurate method in analyzing portfolios as it incorporates risk and returns (Goetzmann at.al, 2006). Therefore, it is recommendable for HF to consider using it in asset allocation process. 1.2 Decision-making framework intention 2 In this option, 5% of the assets will be committed to a global distressed veridical estate fund. In order to assess the viability of this enthronization, the allocation committee should use discounted currency flows (DCF) models such as the Net present Value and the interest rate of return (IRR) (Goetzmann at.al, 2006). These methods take into account the aspect of clock value for money and make use of cash flows not profits. The process starts by accessing the initial investment costs and then projecting cash flows. The project is acceptable if the NPV is greater than one meaning that the discounted cash flows should be greater tha n the initial cost of the investment. In the case for IRR, the investment is acceptable if IRR is greater than the needed rate of return and vice versa. Proposal 1 In this proposal, the committee aim is to reduce the foundations exposure to domestic equities, and instead increase this allocation to absolute return strategies and US TIPS (Treasury flash Protected Securities). TIPS are short term investments which are risk free. Therefore, they can use Capital asset pricing model (CAPM) in decision making. CAPM is a theoretical model used to determine the mandatory rate of return of an asset. It also considers the risk free asset. Once the required rate of return (Ri) is reason using the CAPM model, it is compared to the assets estimated rate return over a specific investment horizon to determine the viability of the investment. That is, whether the investment is worth to take. For such comparisons, technical analysis techniques such as the price earning ratio (P/E) can be used. Ge nerally, an asset is said to be well priced if the estimated price is same as the required rates of

Sales and inventory documentation Essay Example for Free

Sales and blood documentation EssayWhy store checker?Control of size up, which typically fabricates 45% to 90% of all expenses for communication channel, is needed to ensure that the business has the right goods on hand to debar spud- out(p)s, to prevent shrinkage (spoilage/theft), and to provide seemly accounting. M whatever businesses have too oft of their limited resource, ceiling, tied up in their major asset, take stock. Worse, they may have their capital tied up in the wrong kind of armoury.Inventory may be old, worn out, shopworn, obsolete, or the wrong sizes or colors, or thither may be an imbalance among different point of intersection lines that reduces the customer appeal of the sum operation. Inventory control schemas range from eyeball governances to military hold back product line systems to consummate(a) computer-run systems. Valuation of blood line is usually stated at original cost, merchandise observe, or current replacement cost, whic hever is lowest.This practice is use because it asperses the curtain raising of overstating assets. Inventory valuation and earmark accounting practices be worth a book alone and so atomic number 18 non dealt with here in depth. The high-flown scrutinize and proper mathematical product employee upset leave behind vary from one market to separate. Average intentness figures serve as a guide for comparison. alike large an breed may not be proficientified because the turnover does not warrant coronation.On the other hand, because products are not available to meet demand, too petty(a) an fund may minimize sales and profits as customers go somewhere else to buy what they want where it is immediately available. Minimum inventories al-Qaeda on reordering clip need to become classic aspects of buying activity. Carrying cost, material purchases, and storage costs are all expensive. However, extractionouts are expensive also. All of those costs house be minimized by efficient descent policies.Inventory ControlInventory control involves the procurement, care and disposition of materials. in that respect are three kinds of caudex that are of concern to managersRaw materials,In-process or semi-finished goods, Finished goods.If a manager effectively controls these three faces of account, capital throw out be released that may be tied up in unneeded stock-take, production control tin brook be improved and can protect against obsolescence, deterioration and/or theft, tone ending 06/02 Inventory Control rogue 1 of 8The reasons for archive control areHelps balance the billet as to value, size, color, style, and price line in proportion to demand or sales trends.Help platform the winners as well as move slow traffickersHelps secure the best pose of stock turnover for distributively item.Helps reduce expenses and mark wins.Helps observe a business reputation for always having cutting, fresh ware in wanted sizes and colors.Three ma jor approaches can be used for instrument control in any(prenominal) type and size of operation. The actual system selected will depend upon the type ofoperation, the amount of goods.The Eyeball arrangingThis is the standard breed control system for the vast majority of small retail and many small manufacturing operations and is very un containd in application. The key manager stands in the middle of the store or manufacturing area and looks around. If he or she happens to notice that some items are out of stock, they are reordered. In retailing, the uncontrollableness with the eyeball system is that a incidently good item may be out of stock for sometime in front anyone notices.Throughout the time it is out of stock, sales are being lost on it. Similarly, in a small manufacturing operation, low stocks of some particularly critical item may not be noticed until there are none left. Then production suffers until the supply of that part can be replenished. Such unsystematic but straightforward retailers and manufacturers to their inherent disadvantage.Reserve Stock (or Brown Bag) system of rulesThis approach is much more systematic than the eyeball system. It involves slip awaying a reserve stock of items aside, lots literally in a brown bag place at the rear of the stock stash away or storage area. When the destruction unit of open inventory is used, the brown bag of reserve stock is opened and the spick-and-span supplies it contains are primed(p) in the bin as open stock.At this time, a reorder is immediately rigid. If the reserve stock quantity has been calculated properly, the new shipment should arrive just as the last of the reserve stock is being used. In order to calculate the proper reserve stock quantity, it is necessary to know the rate of product usage and the order cycles/second delivery time. Thus, if the rate of product units sold is 100 units per week and the order cycle delivery time is two weeks, the appropriate reserve sto ck would consist of 200 units (I00u x 2w).This is fine as long as the two-week cycle holds. If the order cycle is extended, the reserve stock quantities moldiness be increased. When the new order arrives, the reserve stock amount is packaged again and placed at the rear of the storage area. This is a very simple system to operate and one that is highly effective for virtually any type of organization.The variations on the reserve stock system merely involve the management of the reserve stock itself. Largeritems may sojourn in inventory but be cordoned off in some way to quest that it is the reserve stock and should trigger a reorder.Handout 06/02 Inventory ControlPage 2 of 8 unadulterated Inventory SystemsVarious types of perpetual inventory systems entangle manual, card-oriented, and computer- operated systems. In computer-operated systems, a programmed instruction referred to commonly as a trigger, automatically transmits an order to the appropriate marketer once supplies fa ll below a inflict level. The purpose of each of the three types of perpetual inventory approaches is to tally either the unit use or the dollar use (or both) of different items and product lines. This information will serve to help avoid stock-outs and to maintain a constant evaluation of the sales of different product lines to see where the emphasis should be placed for both selling and buying.Stock ControlA stock control system should pull through you sensible of the quantity of each kind of merchandise on hand. An effective system will provide you with a guide for what, when, and how much to buy of each style, color, size, price and brand. It will reduce the number of lost sales resulting from being out of stock of merchandise in popular demand.The system will also decide slow selling articles and help indicate changes in customer preferences. The size of your establishment and the number of battalion employed are determining factors in devising an effective stock control p lan. Can you keep control by observation? Should you use on-hand/onorder/sold temperaments? Detachable ticket stubs? Checklists? And/or fleshly inventory? If so, how often?With the observation method (the eyeball system), unless the people using it have an unusually sharp sensory faculty of quantity and sales patterns, it is difficult to keep a satisfactory check on merchandise depletion. It heart that you record shortages of goods or reorders as the need for them occurs to you. Without a better checking system, orders may only be placed at thetime of the salesmans unfluctuating visit, regardless of when they are actually needed.Although it may be the simplest system, it also can often result in lost sales or production delays. Detachable stubs or tickets placed on merchandise provide a good means of control. The stubs, containing information identifying the articles, are removed at the time the items are sold. The accumulated stubs are thence posted regularly to the perpetual inventory system by hand or through the use of an optical scanner.A checklist, often provided by wholesalers, is another counting tool. The checklist provides space to record the items carried, the selling price, cost price, and minimum quantities to be ordered of each. It also contains a column in which to note whether the stock on hand is sufficient and when to reorder. This is another very simple device that provides the level of information required to make knowledgeable decisions about effective inventory management. nigh smaller operations today, except for the very smallest, are using some form of a perpetual online system to record the movement of inventories into and out of their facilities.In a retail operation, the shop assistant at the understand merely scans the ticket with a reader, and the system shows the current price and removes the item from the inventory control system. A similar process occurs in a manufacturing operation, except that the sale is actually a t ransfer of the inventory from control to production. This is a particularly critical system in a large operation such as a grocery store where they regularly maintain 12,000 plus items. Often a vendor will provide on-site or computerized assistance needed to help their smaller customers maintain a good understanding of their own inventory levels and so keep them in balanceHandout 06/02 Inventory ControlPage 3 of 8Inventory Control RecordsInventory control records are subjective to making buy-and-sell decisions. Some companies control their stock by taking physical inventories at regular intervals, periodic or quarterly. Others use a dollar inventory record thatgives a rough idea of what the inventory may be from day to day in terms of dollars. If your stock is made up of thousands of items, as it is for a convenience type store, dollar control may be more practical than physical control. However, even with this method, an inventory count must be taken periodically to verify the levels of inventory by item.Perpetual inventory control records are approximately practical for big-ticket items. With such items it is quite suitable to hand count the starting inventory, maintain a card for each item or company of items, and reduce the item count each time a unit is sold or transferred out of inventory. Periodic physical counts are taken to verify the accuracy of the inventory card. Out-of-stock sheets, some time called want sheets, revalue the buyer that it is time to reorder an item. Experience with the rate of turnover of an item will help indicate the level of inventory at which the unit should be reordered to make sure that the new merchandise arrives before the stock is totally exhausted.Open-to-buy records help to prevent ordering more than is needed to meet demand or to stay inwardly a budget. These records adjust your order rate to the sales rate. They provide a rails account of the dollar amount that may be bought without departing significantly fro m the pre- established inventory levels. An open-to-buy record is cerebrate to the inventory budget.It is the difference between what has been budgeted and what has been spent. Each time a sale is made, open-to-buy is increased (inventory is reduced). Each time merchandise is purchased open-to-buy is reduced (inventory is increased). The net effect is to help maintain a balance among product lies within the business, and to keep the business from getting overloaded in one particular area.Purchase order files keep track of what has been ordered and the status or expected receipt date of materials. It is convenient to maintain these files by using a copy of each purchase order that is written. Notations can be added or merchandise needs updated directly on the copy of the purchase order with respect to changes in price or delivery dates. Supplier files are valuable references on suppliers and can be very helpful in negotiatingprice, delivery and terms.Extra copies of purchase orders can be used to create these files, organized alphabetically by supplier, and can provide a unbendable way to determine how much business is done with each vendor. Purchase order copies also serve to document ordering habits and procedures and so may be used to help reveal and/or resolve future potential paradoxs. Returned goods files provide a continuous record of merchandise that has been returned to suppliers. They should indicate amounts, dates and reasons for the returns. This information is utilizable in controlling debits, credits and quality Issues.Price books, hold in alphabetical order according to supplier, provide a record of purchase prices, selling prices, markdowns, and markups. It is important to keep this record completely up to date in order to be able to devil the latest price and profit information on materials purchased for resale.Handout 06/02 Inventory ControlPage 4 of 8Controlling InventoryControlling inventory does not have to be an onerous or complex p roposition. It is a process and thoughtful inventory management. There are no hard and fast rules to abide by, but some extremely useful guidelines to help your thinking about the subject. A quin step process has been designed that will help any business bring this potential fuss under control to think systematically thorough the process and allow the business to make the most efficient use possible of the resources represented. The final decisions, of course, must be the result of good judgment, and not the product of a mechanical set of formulas.STEP 1 Inventory PlanningInventory control requires inventory grooming. Inventory refers to more than the goods on hand in the retail operation, service business, or manufacturing facility. It also represents goods that must be in transit forarrival after the goods in the store or plant are sold or used. An ideal inventory control system would arrange for the arrival of new goods at the same moment the last item has been sold or used. T he economic order quantity, or base orders, depends upon the amount of cash (or credit) available to invest in inventories, the number of units that qualify for a quantity usher out from the manufacturer, and the amount of time goods spend in shipment.STEP 2 Establish order cyclesIf demand can be predicted for the product or if demand can be measured on a regular basis, regular ordering quantities can be setup that take into consideration the most economic relationships among the costs of preparing an order, the aggregate shipping costs, and the economic order cost. When demand is regular, it is possible to program regular ordering levels so that stock-outs will be avoided and costs will be minimized. If it is known that every so many weeks or months a certain quantity of goods will be sold at a steady pace, then replacements should be scheduled to arrive with equal regularity.Time should be spent developing a system tailored to the needs of each business. It is useful to focus on items whose costs justify such control, recognizing that in some cases control efforts may cost more the items worth. At the same time, it is also necessary to include low return items that are critical to the overall sales effort.If the business experiences seasonal cycles, it is important to spot the demands that will be placed on suppliers as well as other sellers.A given up sure must recognize that if it begins to run out of product in the middle of a quick season, other sellers are also beginning to run out and are looking for more goods.The problem is compounded in that the producer may have already switched over to attached seasons production and so is not interested in (or probably even capable of) filling any further orders for the current selling season. Production resources are likely to already be allocated to filling orders for the next selling season. Changes in this momentum would be extremely costly for both the supplier and the customer.On the other hand, becau se suppliers have problems with inventory control,just as sellers do, they may be interested in making deals to excite customers to purchase inventories offseason, usually at substantial savings. They want to shift the carrying costs of purchase and storage from the seller to the buyer. Thus, there are seasonal implications to inventory control asHandout 06/02 Inventory ControlPage 5 of 8well, both positive and negative. The point is that these seasonable implications must be make into the planning process in order to support an effective inventory management system.STEP 3 agreement Inventory LevelsEfficient or inefficient management of merchandise inventory by a riotous is a major factor between healthy profits and operating at a loss. There are both market-related and budget-related issues that must be dealt with in terms of coming up with an ideal inventory balance Is the inventory correct for the market being served?Does the inventory have the proper turnover?What is the id eal inventory for a typical retailer or wholesaler in this business?To answer the last question first, the ideal inventory is the inventory that does not lose profitable sales and can alleviate justify the investment in each part of its whole. An inventory that is not compatible with the firms market will lose profitable sales. Customers who cannot find the items they desire in one store or from one supplier are forced to go to a competitor. Customer will be in particular irritated if the item out of stock is one they would normally expect to find from such a supplier. Repeated experiences ofthis type will motivate customers to become regular customers of competitors.STEP 4 Review StocksItems session on the shelf as obsolete inventory are simply dead capital. Keeping inventory up to date and devoid of obsolete merchandise is another critical aspect of good inventory control. This is particularly important with style merchandise, but it is important with any merchandise that is tu rning at a lower rate than the sightly stock turns for that particular business. One of the important principles newer sellers frequently find difficult is the need to mark down merchandise that is not moving well.Markups are usually highest when a new style first comes out. As the style fades, efficient sellers gradually begin to mark it down to avoid being stuck with large inventories, thus keeping inventory capital working. They will begin to mark down their inventory, take less gross margin, and return the funds to working capital rather than have their investment stand on the shelves as obsolete merchandise. Markdowns are an important part of the working capital cycle. raze though the margins on markdown sales are lower, turning these items into cash allows you to purchase other, more current goods, where you can make the margin you desire.Keeping an inventory fresh and up to date requires constant attention by any organization, large or small. Style merchandise should be dis posed of before the style fades. cult merchandise must have its inventory levels kept in line with the passing fancy. Obsolete merchandise usually must be sold at less than normal markup or even as loss leaders where it is priced more competitively. Loss leader pricing strategies can also serve to draw and quarter more consumer traffic for the business thus creating opportunities to sell other merchandise as well as well as the obsolete items. Technologically obsolete merchandise should normally be removed from inventory at any cost.Handout 06/02 Inventory ControlPage 6 of 8Stock turnover is really the way businesses make money. It is not so muchthe profit per unit of sale that makes money for the business, but sales on a regular basis over time that eventually results in profitability. The stock turnover rate is the rate at which the average inventory is replaced or turned over, throughout a pre-defined standard operating period, typically one year. It is generally seen as the mu ltiple that sales represent of the average inventory for a given period of time.Turnover averages are available for virtually any industry or business maintaining inventories and having sales. These figures act as an efficient and effective benchmark with which to compare the business in question, in order to determine its effectiveness relative to its capital investment. in like manner frequent inventory turns can be as great a potential problem as too few. Too frequent inventory turns may indicate the business is trying to overwork a limited capital base, and may carry with it the attendant costs of stock-outs and unhappy and lost customers.Stock turns or turnover, is the number of times the average inventory of a given product is sold annually. It is an important concept because it helps to determine what the inventory level should be to achieve or support the sales levels predicted or desired. Inventory turnover is computed by dividing the volume of goods sold by the average in ventory. Stock turns or inventory turnover can be calculated by the following equationsStock Turn = Cost of Goods SoldAverage Inventory at CostStock Turn =SalesAverage Inventory at Sales ValueIf the inventory is recorded at cost, stock turn equals cost of goods sold divided by the average inventory. If the inventory is recorded at sales value, stock turn is equal to sales divided by average inventory. Stock turns four times a year on the average for many businesses. Jewelry stores are slow, with two turns a year, and grocery stores may go up to 45 turns a year.If the dollar value of a particular inventory compares favorably withthe industry average, but the turnover of the inventory is less than the industry average, a further analysis of that inventory is needed. Is it too heavy in some areas? Are there reasons that suggest more inventories are needed in certain categories? Are there conditions peculiar to that particular firm? The point is that all markets are not uniform and circ umstances may be establish that will justify a variation from average figures.Handout 06/02 Inventory ControlPage 7 of 8In the accumulation of comparative data for any particular type of firm, a wide of the mark variation will be found for most significant statistical comparisons. Averages are just that, and often most firms in the group are somewhat different from that result. Nevertheless, they serve as very useful guides for the adequacy of industry turnover, and for other ratios as well. The important thing for each firm is to know how the firm compares with the averages and to deter- mine whether deviations from the averages are to its benefit or disadvantage.STEP 5 Follow-up and ControlPeriodic reviews of the inventory to detect slow-moving or obsolete stock and to identify fast sellers are essential for proper inventory management. Taking regular and periodic inventories must be more than just totaling the costs. Any clerk can do the work of recording an inventory. However , it is the responsibility of key management to study the figures and review the items themselves in order to make correct decisions about the disposal, replacement, or discontinuance of different segments of the inventory base.Just as an airline cannot make money with its airplanes on the ground, a firm cannot earn a profit in the absence of sales of goods. Keeping the inventory attractive to customers is a prime prerequisite for healthy sales. Again, the sellers inventory is usually his largest investment. It will earn profits in direct proportion to the effort and skill utilize in itsmanagement. Inventory quantities must be organized and measured carefully.Minimum stocks must be certified to prevent stock-outs or the lack of product. At the same time, they must be balanced against excessive inventory because of carrying costs. In larger retail organizations and in many manufacturing operations, purchasing has evolved as a distinct new and separate phase of management to achieve the dual objective of higher turnover and lower investment.If this type of strategy is to be utilized, however, extremely careful attention and constant review must be built into the management system in order to avoid getting caught short by unexpected changes in the larger business environment.Caution and periodic review of reorder points and quantities are a must. Individual market size of some products can change suddenly and corrections should be made. Source U.S. Small telephone line AdministrationEdited by SCORE 471Handout 06/02 Inventory ControlPage 8 of 8

Sarojini Naidu Essay Example for Free

Sarojini Naidu EssaySarojini Naidu, a wish known by the sobriquet as The Nightingale of India, Naidu was born in 13 February 1879 in Hyderabad to a Bengali Hindu Kulin Brahmin family of Agorenath Chattopadhyay and Barada Sundari Devi. Her father was a doctor of science from Edinburgh University, settled in Hyderabad State, where he founded and administered the Ahmadabad College, which later became the Nizams College in Ahmadabad. Her mother was a poetess baji and used to write poetry in Bengali. Sarojini Naidu was the eldest among the eightsome siblings. Education Sarojini Naidu passed her Matriculation examination from the University of Madras.She took four years break from her studies and concentrated upon studying various subjects. In 1895, she travelled to England to study first at Kings College London and later at Girton College, Cambridge. Marriage During her stay in England, Sarojini met Dr. Muthyala Govindarajulu Naidu, a non-Brahmin and a doctor by profession, and fel l in love with him. After finishing her studies at the age of 19, she got married to him in 1898 during the sequence when inter-caste marriages were not in allowed. Her father approved the marriage and her marriage was a very happy one. The couple had five children.Jayasurya, Padmaja, Randheer, Nilawar and Leelamani. Qualities of Sarojini Naidu Sarojini Naidu was truly one of the gems of the 20th century, a child prodigy, Indian independence activist and poet. Naidu was one of the framers of the Indian Constitution. Sarojini came through as a fragile woman, but an headstrong spirit, forward-minded and always open to new ideas, self-disciplined, optimistic, forward-looking and utterly free from prejudice of caste, creed, race, gender, nationality and religion, determined to fight for the driveway of Indian women but above all for Hindu-Muslim unity.She was famous for her wit and humour, for her capacity to laugh at herself and much(prenominal) was her closeness to Mahatma Gandhi that she could call him Micky Mouse and a man on whom riches had to be spent to documentation him poor. Sarojini was a die-hard bourgeois liberal, a faithful espouser of her party line but and events. Indian immunity Fighter Sarojini Naidu (extreme right) with Mahatma Gandhi during Salt Satyagraha, 1930 Sarojini Naidu joined the Indian national movement in the wake of partition of Bengal in 1905.She briefed the struggles of freedom for independence to the political stalwarts of European nations, she had visited. She came into contact with Gopal Krishna Gokhale, who later introduced her to the stalwarts of the Indian freedom movement. She met Mahatma Gandhi, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Annie Beasant, C. P. Ram swami Iyer and Muhammad Ali Jinnah. With much(prenominal) an encouraging environment, Sarojini later moved on to become leader of the Indian National intercourse.She traveled extensively to the United States of America and many European countries as the flag-bearer of the Ind ian Nationalist struggle. During 1915-1918, she travelled to different regions in India delivering lectures on social welfare, women empowerment and nationalism. She awakened the women of India and brought them out of the kitchen. In 1916, she took up the cause of the indigo workers of Champaran in the western district of Bihar. She as well helped to establish the Womens Indian Association (WIA) in 1917.She was sent to London on with Annie Besant, President of WIA, to present the case for the womens vote to the Joint Select Committee. In March 1919, the British giving medication passed the Rowlatt Act by which the possession of seditious documents was deemed illegal. Mahatma Gandhi organized the Non-Cooperation Movement to protest and Naidu was the first to join the movement. Besides, Sarojini Naidu also actively campaigned for the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms, the Khilafat issue, the Sabarmati Pact, the Satyagraha Pledge and the Civil Disobedience Movement.In 1919, she went to Eng land as a member of the all-India Home rein Deputation. In January 1924, she was one of the two delegates of the Indian National Congress Party to attend the East African Indian Congress. President of the Congress In 1925, she was elected as the President of the Indian National Congress Party and presided everywhere the annual session of Indian National Congress at Cawnpore (now Kanpur). In 1929, she presided over East African Indian congress in South Africa. In 1931, she attended the round elude conference with Mahatma Gandhi and Madan Mohan Malaviya.Sarojini Naidu played a leading role in the civil disobedience movement. In 1942, Sarojini Naidu was arrested during the cast off India movement and was jailed for more than a year. Sarojini Naidu was the first woman Governor of Uttar Pradesh. Her chairmanship of the Asian Relations gathering in 1947 was highly-appraised. Poem hunter Sarojini Naidu was a brilliant student. She was proficient in Urdu, Telugu, English, Bengali, and Persian. At the age of twelve, Sarojini Naidu succeed national fame when she topped the matriculation examination at Madras University.Her father wanted her to become a mathematician or scientist but Sarojini Naidu was interested in poetry. Once she was working on an algebra problem, and when she couldnt find the solution she decided to burgeon forth a break, and in the same book she wrote her first inspired poetry. She got so enthused by this that she wrote The Lady of the Lake, a verse form 1300 lines long. When her father saw that she was more interested in poetry than mathematics or science, he decided to encourage her. With her fathers support, she wrote the play Maher Muneer in the Persian language.Dr. Chattopadhyaya distributed some copies among his friends and sent one copy to the nabob of Hyderabad. Reading a beautiful play written by a young girl, the Nizam was very impressed. The college gave her a scholarship to study abroad. At the age of 16 she got admitted to King s College of England and later at Girton College, Cambridge. There she met famous laureates of her time much(prenominal) as Arthur Symons and Edmond Gosse. It was Gosse who convinced Sarojini to stick to Indian themes-Indias great mountains, rivers, temples, social milieu, to express her poetry.She depicted present-day(a) Indian living. Sarojinis prose compares poorly with her poetry, but both are recognised for their emotional warmth and unreasonable and high-faulting vocabulary. Her collections The golden threshold (1905), The bird of time (1912), and The broken wing (1912), the sceptred flute (1943), the feather of the tick (1961), the Indian weavers (1971) attracted huge Indian and English readership. Her poems were admired by many prominent Indian politicians like Gopal Krishna Gokhale.Her poems were lyrical with a heightening of sensuality in the imagery, until every sense is stimulated to excess. In the Bazaars of Hyderabad is a 19th-century poem. The poem is written in five paragraphs and it was make in her collection of poems The Bird of Time (1912) published from London, where she was attending higher studies. Naidu has described the beauty of a traditional Hyderabadi Bazaar. In this poem Sarojini Naidu describes the magnificent things of life on with common scenes in the Bazaars of Hyderabad the poem is set in the form of conversation between customers and vendors.The innovation of activities and its colorfulness is vividly represented by the poetess to present an awesome picture of Indian culture. Each line of the poem contains rhythm and a beat, and the sequence What do you and O ye mark the rhyme scheme of the poem, and the poet often bear these words, phrases, lines to create a musical effect to emphasize a point to draw attention to a point and to lend unity to a piece. To present the pictorial scene of the bazaar, Naidu has used rich sensorial images-feel of touch, sense of sound, smell, sight and taste vibrantly.Naidu presented the lively pictorial scenes of merchants, vendors, peddlers, goldsmiths, fruit men and flower girls selling their goods, they all similarly answer to the questions of purchaser who buy their articles after a detail bargaining. She presented the scene of the music produced by traditional instruments played by the musicians and the chantings of the magicians, the fruits like citron, pomegranate and plum are being sold by the fruit-men, while the vendors are weighing saffron, lentil and rice. The fragrance of sandalwood and henna can be smelt along with the smell of flowers which are woven into chaplets and garlands.One can see the richness of wares in the bazaar the poetess has mentioned coloures such as crimson, purple, silver, amber, azure and red. This shows what all goods are sold in a Hyderabadi bazaar. Turbans of crimson and silver, tunics of purple brocade, mirrors with panels of amber, daggers with pass over of jade, chessmen, ivory dice, anklets, wristlets, rings, bells for the feet of blue pigeons, girdles of gold, and scabbards for the king are all examples of the expensive wares sold in the bazaars of Hyderabad. Sadly, few textbooks published in India on poetry carry her poems.

Conservation vs. Preservation Essay Example for Free

Conservation vs. Preservation EssayTo whom it may concernMy name is Michelle highway I am writing this letter to shargon my thoughts about preserving the Bridger Teton. This big reduce of land has non been bear upon by human technology. It has been preserved in its natural state. It is important to us as human beings. This stretch of land has a lot of trees, unwarranted animals, and wild vegetation that call this stretch of land home. We dischargenot put out it in the name of progress. We posit to make sure we preserve this land so it can boom out and remain the same, untouched by technology and humans who privation to mine it for resources. I agree that we requirement resources to deliver our lives and how we live it, further there argon other ways to do so.Understandably we do not want to rely on other countries to supply us with the resources that we remove but if we contend to understand that we cannot deplete all the land that we wealthy person available to us. We have to think of the forthcoming and what we are going to leave for the growing generation. Eventually we pass on use up all the resources that we have and we would have to rely on other countries to service of process us. Wouldnt it be better that while we have available resource we find a better way of getting what we need without destroying valuable land?What we need to do is find other ways to make sure we sustain our life style. For now I regard we need to rely on other countries to meet our needs and while we are doing that we need to develop other ways or find other resources. Saving the Bridger Teton get out ensure that the wild life, trees and vegetation that live there forget continue to flourish, they will continue to grow hopefully our children and future generations will be able to benefit and be able to appreciate the land that we try so hard to protect. Maybe in the future there will be more lands like the Bridger Teton that was defend and saved so the future generations can benefit from it.Conservation versus PreservationTo whom it may concern,My name is Michelle lane I am writing this letter to share my thought about the Bridger Teton area. I think it is a big piece of land that can be put into use to help our nation. I believe that we need to make sure these lands are saved but I also believe that we can use some of this land to mine, plant on, or see if we can find fossil oil. This will lessen our dependence from other countries. Imagine an America that does not rely on other countries for their oil or any other resources that we would need to live. Not only would we get it for a cheaper price but we can supply other countries with resources and we can be financialy indipendant as well. We can still save a part of the land for preservation for the wild life and vegetation, but we will benefit more by putting the land to use. We can first research the land to see if we can use the resources embed in it for human use.The four steps that we are going to use for this hazard assessment is adventure Identification, Dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. We need to test the soil, vegetation, animals and water to make sure it is safe and there are no harmful bacteria living in the area that could harm humans. This kind of assessment will help us asses which areas are safe for human use and resource mining. The areas that we find that are not as safe or would not be beneficial should be preserved and let it lie the way it is for the future generations to enjoy.This a good way to have both world we have the lands we can use for gathering resources so we can be a more independent country and the lands we want to save for the future generations to enjoy. In the end I believe we will run out of resources and we will have to still rely on other countries to supply us with what we will need to sustain our daily lives and keep it the way it is. While we can we should try to supply our own resources. America is a big place there is room to preserve and also land that we can use to help us live independently.

Macbeth Essay Example for Free

Macbeth EssayAs the weird women promised and I fear, kB playdst most foully fort yet it was said. It should not stand in thy posterity,/but that myself should be the root and father/Of umteen Kings. -Banquo, title 3, Scene 1These lines are very important to the story of Macbeth, because it shows that Banquo is finally figuring come forth that Macbeth may have done something terrible to become king. The witches claimed Macbeth would first be Thane of Cawdor, then Thane of Glamis and finally King. He realizes that as soon as the weird women told Macbeth he would be King, Macbeth may have taken it too far and cheated the prophecies.With bare-facd power sweep him from my sight/And bid my will avouch it, yet I must not,/For certain friends that are both his and mine,/Whose loves I may not drop, but wail his fade/Whom I myself struck down -Macbeth speaking to the Murderers, Act 3, Scene 1This quote is signifi nominatet because it shows how Macbeth can have a very dark and malic ious disposition. He realizes that Banquo has caught on that he killed the King to replete the Witches prophecies. He thinks that if he doesnt get Banquo killed, he will be the one getting killed. Macbeth overly knows that if he kills Banquo himself, he will lose his position as King and all of the people who aid him.Avuant And quit my sight Let the earth/hide thee Thy bones are marrowless, thy blood is cold/Thou has no speculation in those eyes/Which thou glare with. -Macbeth to Ghost of Banquo, Act 3, Scene 4This is the part of the play when you can really tell that Macbeth is starting to go insane. He yells at the touching of Banquo in front of all of his dinner guests, who dont see Banquo. And quit my sight shows that Macbeth is shake up by the sudden sight of his deceased companion. The cause of his hallucination could be because of a heavy angle of regret on his conscience.And that well might advise him to a caution to hold what distance his lore can provide. Some holy angel,/Fly to the court of England Under a hand accursd -Lennox, Act 3, Scene 6

The positive change Essay Example for Free

The positive qualifying EssayEconomic egress implies the positive change or increase in the level of doing of goods and services by a given economy or country over a plastered consummation of time. Economic growth can either be nominal sparing growth or strong economic growth. Nominal economic growth in an increase in w are which excessively include inflation.Real economic growth in the increase in fruition excluding inflation. The nominal economic growth does not factor inflation and as such the growth is given in monetary footing in the market price whereas in the real economic growth, the growth is given in monetary terms but expressed in constants prices implying that the later expression does not suffer from the notes illusion. The differentiating between the real and nominal economic growth is important because the unit in which its expressed, that is monetary terms is subject to changes that make its grade to increase or decline, making it less reflective on the real physical increase in goods and services produced in a given country over a specified period of time. Causes of economic growth Economic growth therefore from the definition can be perceived as the change in the countrys hoggish Domestic Product, and for this matter an increase in the Gross domestic product.From the ingestion approach of calculating the Gross Domestic product, the GDP is comprised of the sum of Consumption, investment, government secure and also the net exports. The change in the components of the Gross domestic product is what that brings about the economic growth and this is gibe to QuickMBA Consumption is the largest component of the gross domestic product and it comprises the durable and non-durable goods and also services expending which are incurred by the ultimate users of the goods and the services.The term ultimate user has been use so as to repress the double counting problem which may arise when estimating consumption, because one firms outp ut can be used as an input in the other firm, and for this reason a mistake may be through with(p) of recounting the output which was already counted implying double counting. Consumption is however not affected by value of the goods which are imported.Investment implies the purchase of fixed assets which are pass judgment to assist in the further production of goods and services, and also the increase in the inventory which means the increase in the number of goods and services that fill been produced but not yet consumed. The inventories are perceived as being Investments because they are assets which are expected to be sold out for economic gain. The Investments are assumed to be financed by the savings that are made after the consumption.The government purchases implies the summation of all government expenditures and then subtracting the government graft payments. The transfer payments imply the payments made to transactions which did not contribute to the production of goo ds and services, therefore they are subtracted from the government expenditure because they did not contribute to the GDP. Net exports imply the difference between exports and imports in a specified period of time.The imports are subtracted from the exports because imports are a kind of expenditure that is incurred but it does not benefit the locals, thus a form of cash outflow from the economy. Exports are included as part of the Gross Domestic product because the expenditure on them is likely to benefit the locals because the goods and services were produced in the country in question according to Barro and Robert . Therefore economic growth arises from the change in any of the components of the gross domestic product as illustrates above.

Two Bildungsromans in One Story Essay Example for Free

Two Bildungsromans in One Story stressIn harpist Lees To Kill a Mockingbird, Scout and Jem Finch become more polite and mature one-year-old-adults by experiencing different events. Scout became more lady- manage when she observed and helped Calpurnia at her Aunt Alexandras brunch. Jem in condition(p) from genus genus Atticus and disregard Maudie that you should not take pride in your talents. Jem and Scout Finch became more adult-like and mature young people by experiencing different events. It begins with Scout sitting in on her Aunt Alexandras missioner brunch. Scout Finch became more lady-like when she observed and helped out at her Aunt Alexandras brunch. Scout saw that Calpurnia was doing everything, so she asked if Cal needed any help. Can I help you Cal? I asked, wishing to be of some service. (Lee 306). level off when Miss Stephanie Crawford asked Scout if she wanted to be a lawyer when she grew up, Scout stopped and thought for herself, kind of than to please oth ers. Dont you want to be a lawyer? Miss Maudies mountain touched mine and I answered mildly plenty, Nome, just a lady. (Lee 308) Scout watched in this chapter how to be a lady, just as Jem over the course of chapters, learned how to be a gentleman.Jem learned from Atticus and Miss Maudie that a gentleman neer takes pride in his talents. When Jem saw his father shoot a wandering mad dog dead-on, he realized something very important a gentleman should never take pride in his talents. Jem became vaguely articulate D you expect him, Scout? D you see him just standin there?n all of a sudden he just relaxed all over, an it looked like that gun was a part of himan he did it so quick, likeI hafta aim for ten transactions fore I bottom of the inning hit somethin (Lee 129). Miss Maudie had to explain to Jem why his father never told him most his talent in hunting. People in their proficient minds never take pride in their talents, give tongue to Miss Maudie. (Lee 130). Both Jem and S cout Finch had small, different realizations throughout the book.Both Jem and Scout Finch learned to become adults in their own different ways. With Scout, she figured out that if you want there to be change in the world, you endt sit around and do nothing, you have to go out and get it, wherever you can. Jem, how can you hate Hitler so bad, an then turn around and be ugly about folks right at home- (Lee 331). For Jem, growing up is more about facing the world for it is, and not what he wished it would be. Atticus said that Jem was trying hard to forget something, but what he was really doing was storing it away for a while, until enough time passed. Then he would be able to think about it and sort things out. (Lee 331).In Harper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird, Scout and Jem Finch became more informed, and mature young-adults by watching the examples entrap by their family, and the people who love them. Scout learned from Calpurnia that if you can help someone, then you should. Jem le arned from Miss Maudie that people in their right minds never take pride in their talents. Even though they learn it by going through different events, they both come to the conclusion that to change the world, you must front change what is around you.Works CitedLee, Harper. To Kill a Mockingbird. New York Grand Central Publishing, 1960. Print.

Indian It Industry by Ipott Essay Example for Free

Indian It Industry by Ipott EssayThe Indian package exports, as is well known, have grown from less(prenominal) than $100 million before 1990 to over $5 billion in 2000. What is not well known is that revenue per person per year has grown from less than $20,000 to over $50,000 in some large companies in the last five years. This is not simply referable to inflation. Though the intentness is still focused on tapping the huge software services market, most of the big players have moved from lower value services to higher value services. In the earlyish days, the service was primarily providing technical manpower, which later moved to providing low-value services like coding and testing. Now Indian companies are operating even at the top end of the spectrum in terms of technology (Corba, Java, E-commerce, etc.) or the services (complete business solutions, consultancy, strategy, etc.). The high rates they command is an indication of the perceived value in the look of the custo mer of the services they provide.The amazing story of the Indian software industry has spread far and wide. not only the veritable countries but also other countries are equally impressed by the act of the industry. From the presentations that representatives of various Asian and Latin American countries made in a recent workshop in China on IT industry in developing countries, it is evidently clear that many developing countries like a shot want to emulate the Indian success story. Within India, however, many people continue to view the industrys success with a mixture of admiration and skepticism.There is a lingering fear or doubt in the minds of many about whether the industry is inherently strong or is it just tapping a window of opportunity which will soon be tapped by other Asian countries with large nation and better infrastructure. Given the state of almost everything else in the country, such doubts are not unreasonable. However, India Software Inc has developed some so lid strengths that will continue to serve it well, and which will not be easy to emulate by others.We at iPOTT (www.ipott.com) initiated a SWOT, gathering information and opinion from the market. The summed up information is very honorable for the understanding of the INDIAN SOFTWARE MARKET.

My Reflection Essay Example for Free

My Reflection EssayFrom the get-go of our life we do not own anything save we have to strive harder in order to survive. The figment of Ben Carson, when he is a student he was bullied and was tempted by his classmate to do bad thing but still his mother did not lack of reminding his children to be still. And because of that his mother let his children realized of how hard she is on the job(p) well in order to survive with their school. Then he tried his best in school, identify high for his dreamsee moresan andreas painting summaryMy reflection on this movie, for I am still a student I will try my very best to do best in school, I will try not to be tempted from wrongdoings ,I will try my best to consider my parents proud on me. And do let them get angry, by Ben Carson I was touch by his stage that despite of being nothingHe really study hard to fulfill his dream and I have to encourage myself to be same as Ben Carson I will reflect this to myself for I am still a stud ent, this movie will motivate me from my studying. Give importance and effort to all my subjects so that I buns pass. Control myself not to be tempted from wrongdoings. And I will try my best to make my parents proud of methis movie is a really touching storywe should have a determination to be a favored person. For me, I will do my best to achieve my goal also to finish my school.

Exercise and Appetite Regulation versus Adipokines Essay Example for Free

Exercise and Appetite Regulation versus Adipokines EssayAdipose tissue has long been considered a entrepot organ for triacylglycerol, besides it is now known, that adipose tissue also produces and releases a variety of signaling molecules adipokines or adipocytokines. Some of these adipokines ar well described as regarding plasma concentration and in vitro gene transcription, discrimination and effect on various cell types, still only little is known about in vivo pattern of adipokine secretion XLAB 2008. Adipokines whitethorn mediate insulin resistance or modulate the likelihood that obesity results in the development of type 2 diabetes CARE 2003. Obesity is strongly associated with insulin resistance and dyslipidemia and increased encounter of cardiovascular sickness (Depres J-P 1990). There are recent studies that adipokines much(prenominal) as leptin and adiponectin suppresses the development of atherosclerosis which is a cardiovascular disorder (Reilly MP 2004). Adipokine or fat can raise such insulin levels, which promote the growth of cancer cells FHCR 2007. And because of these endangerments in chronic diseases, exercise is very important to burn fat that causes these diseases.In order to reduce luck in chronic disease and strengthening the immune system, exercise is very important. Lack of exercise may contribute of having a chronic disease which may be long lasting or recurrent. A recent study showed that intensive workouts can not only slow the progress of coronary disease, but actually restore lost coronary function when the disease is still stable. For chronically ill individuals, the psychological as well as physical benefits of exercise can be profound. Even ten proceeding of light exercise a day, can help most chronically ill patients feel more(prenominal) vibrant, energetic and alert PREV c. 008.Physical activity fights the intra-abdominal fat or Adipokine tissue that can fuel risk of cancer, plaza disease, diabetes FHCR 2007 . Some people use anti-inflammatory drugs to regularize their metabolism and immune function such as Glucocortisoids. Regulation in the metabolism helps maintain the level of fat your body need. Whereas mineralocorticoids, it helps maintain kindred volume and control renal excretion of electrolytes which are good for people with high blood pressures. charm some anti-inflammatory drugs are just used to increase muscle and bone synthesis.Some anti-inflammatory drugs are used to stimulate secretion of hormones that burns fat. In addition to anti-inflammatory medical drugs, thither are many herbs that have anti-inflammatory qualities. Some of these herbs are ginger, hyssop, Turmeric, Amica Montana and willow bark. Appetite regulation balances the food intake that results to stabling the fat that only the body needs. In appetite regulation, anti-inflammatory foods are sometimes being taken. These anti-inflammatory foods burns fat and sometimes stimulate hormones that make your brain imagine that you are not hungry even though you are not eating anything yet.Anti-inflammatory foods allow in most colorful fruits and vegetables, oily fish and certain nuts, seeds, herbs and spices such as ginger. Those following an anti-inflammatory nutriment will avoid refined oils and sugars, and show a preference for anti-inflammatory foods in their meal choicesHyman M. 2006. To regulate overall food intake, long-acting adiposity signals ultimately affect the number and size of individual meals. They, therefore, exploit decisions regarding when to start and stop eating.The sense of fullness that contributes to meal termination results from mechanical, neural, and humoral signals that arise from the gut and are relayed to the brain primarily via the brainstem AMER 2003. Hormones that govern energy homeostasisleptin and insulinincrease responsiveness to short-acting satiety signals (Schwartz MW 2000). Consequently, when fat stores fall down and leptin and insulin levels decre ase, sensitivity to meal-related satiety signals is blunted, promoting increased meal size. Body adiposity indirectly modulates the efficacy of meal-related satiety signals from the gut, thereby influencing meal size AMER 2003Chronic disease may be prevented through these anti-inflammatory drugs or foods but not only anti-inflammatory drugs or foods but also accompanying these drugs with exercise and avoiding tobacco, because Exercise makes your heart stronger and improves the circulation of blood in your body. It also improves your body posture. I believe that in order to reduce the risk of developing certain common chronic diseases, regular physical exercise is an important step in taking care of your health and protecting yourself from health problems.

Louis and Crusade Essay Example for Free

Louis and Crusade EssayManuel saw the drift as an inconvenience as it prevented him from his plans to assault Sicily, this resulted in him giving the military campaign little acknowlight-emitting diodegement. Another factor was that the Byzantium emperor had an understanding with the Turks as healthy as an alliance with the Sultan of Rum. All this would be under threat if he was to help the crusade so it made more sense to give the franks directions rather than supplies as this would anger the turks and could possibly part a war. Also, during the first crusade Baldwin and Bohemond refused to restore territory to the involved emperor so this removed whatever interest he may eat had in aiding the crusade. The pillaging Greek towns led to Manuel refusing to provide supplies give-up the ghost aid his force alone. This then led to Christians fighting amongst each other which then led to a weaker overall crusader force, which resulted in the crusade lacking man power and stren gth. The fact that 90% of armament were wiped out at Dorylaeum certainly had an impact on the distress of the crusade as this reduced the cadence of host on the crusade significantly.This was due to the lack of aid and ships from the Byzantine Emperor Manuel, which then led to more troops having to stumble by foot. As a result of this many troops were bewildered to disease as intimately as being sabotaged by the Turks. Overall the lack of aid from the Byzantine emperor resulted in loss of troops which then led to lack of man power on the crusade . If the Byzantiums would have sent help and aid to the crusade, it would have meant many more troops would have survived making the crusader stronger and making them a much more powerful force.Furthermore, the strong Muslim unity was also to blame partially for the crusader failure. A reason for this was that the promotion of Jihad by Zengi and Nurreddin gave Muslims the power needed for them to strive and determined to takeover the states the Franks. Another reason for the failure was that the leaders lacked the loyalty they had for the first crusade, this then resulted in the troops also lacking intensity meaning the manpower was at a significantly low level during the second crusade. Also, crusade meant a variety of incompatible things to different religious groups.One thing they all had in common was they all desired a unearthly reward in return for their service, not to save the eastern hemisphere. This meant the crusaders had the wrong frame of mind to begin. This effected on the impact of the troops and the progress of the crusade as it lacked the desire to masterly the crusade. Divisions in the East meant that Louis preoccupied support of Raymond of Tripoli and Jocelyn as these remained in the North. This effected to supplies and aid that these leaders could have supplied. As well as aid they could have supplied troops which would have made the crusade much stronger as a whole.Finally, the gust on Damascus played potentially a big part in the failure as it produced more segmentations. This was due to the fact it was a politically neutral area. It was also allied to Jerusalem. The attack resulted in the Muslims uniting further making the made it more difficult for the crusade to be complete as Nuredin barred the gates after the appeal from Damascus. This decision resulted in the crusade becoming a weaker force as the Muslim forces were becoming more united and stronger resulting in them having more man power.The terminal reasons for the failure of the crusade were the mistakes made by Louis VII and how they effected the overall progression of the crusade. Firstly, Louis had an unclear charge of going on the crusade. He was reluctant to embark at fist which meant he didnt have much belief in the outcomes himself. He went to seek repentance for the massacre he had committed at Vitry, so just like most of the crusaders he was not focused on saving the East he was looking f or a spiritual reward. He also failed to swear fealty to Manuel after assail the Greeks.This resulted in the Byzantiums refusing to send aid to Louis after he had asked. The little help from the Byzantiums meant that the crusade lacked the aid and support they needed to keep a handsome amount of their soldiers alive. This resulted in high devastation rates, decreasing number of troops and lack of man power. Overall Louis lacked the qualities of a leader he had pathetic organisation and preparation skills as well as the lack of decision making. When he decided to travel to Antioch by sea he didnt have the supplies to do this effectively.This meant he lost a large number of troops before even getting to the location. His poor decision making resulted in division of his own army as no one could decide on group decisions etc. This meant that the troops were not working as a team so the frame of mind was not there for them to succeed and complete the crusade. His personal life also had an effect on the crusade. He was more provoke in his personal dislikes and relationship than those of the affair. This meant his decisions werent based on what was best for the success of the crusade entirely what was best for him and his personal aspects of his own life.This shows he did not prioritise the crusade so he lacked the enthusiasm that would have rubbed off onto his troops. Finally, when he attacked Damascus he lost the only Muslim ally of the Crusader states. This meant he lost out on supplies and aid the city would have provided as well as uniting the Muslim states even more. In conclusion, all three points had some sort of effect on the failure of the 2nd crusade but the most important was certainly Louis VII lack of leading and enthusiasm to the crusade. If he would have planned the route and prioritised the crusade he would have gained the help from the Byzantines.He made many wrong decisions that affected the failure because if he hadnt of attacked Damascus he wouldnt have lost the only Muslim ally to the Crusader states. His lack of enthusiasm meant the crusade didnt have a specific motive or aim which meant that the crusaders were not as interested or dedicated to completing the crusade. His lack of organisation resulted in stronger forces of the muslims which resulted with his force being much weaker than those he was crusading against. If a dedicated leader would have led the 2nd crusade it would have been a much great success as it would have been planned and organised.